Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller PL, et al. Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive developmental disorder. J Child Neurol 2001;16:169—72.
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | |
| Other names N,N-Dimethylglycine | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| 3DMet | |
| 1700261 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.012.971 |
| EC Number |
|
| 82215 | |
| KEGG |
|
| MeSH | dimethylglycine |
| RTECS number | |
CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C4H9NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 103.121 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystals |
| Odor | Odourless |
| Density | 1.069 g/mL |
| Melting point | 178 to 182 °C (352 to 360 °F; 451 to 455 K) |
| Boiling point | 175.2 °C (347.4 °F; 448.3 K) |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms | |
| GHS Signal word | Warning |
| H302 | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| >650 mg kg−1(oral, rat) | |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanoic acids | |
| Dimethylacetamide | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| verify (what is ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a derivative of the amino acidglycine with the structural formula (CH3)2NCH2COOH. It can be found in beans and liver. It can be formed from trimethylglycine upon the loss of one of its methyl groups. It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of choline.
When DMG was first discovered, it was referred to as Vitamin B16, but, unlike true B vitamins, deficiency of DMG in the diet does not lead to any ill-effects and it is synthesized by the human body in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle meaning it does not meet the definition of a vitamin.
Uses[edit]
Dimethylglycine has been suggested for use as an athletic performance enhancer, immunostimulant, and a treatment for autism, epilepsy, or mitochondrial disease.[2] There is no evidence that dimethylglycine is effective for treating mitochondrial disease.[3] Published studies on the subject have shown little to no difference between DMG treatment and placebo in autism spectrum disorders.[4][5]
Biological activity[edit]
Dimethylglycine has been found to act as an agonist of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.[6]
Preparation[edit]
This compound is commercially available as the free form amino acid, and as the hydrochloride salt [2491-06-7 ]. DMG may be prepared by the alkylation of glycine via the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction. In this reaction, glycine is treated with aqueous formaldehyde in formic acid that serves as both solvent and reductant. Hydrochloric acid is added thereafter to give the hydrochloride salt. The free amino acid may have been obtained by neutralization of the acid salt, which has been performed with silver oxide.[7]
- H2NCH2COOH + 2 CH2O + 2 HCOOH → (CH3)2NCH2COOH + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
References[edit]
- ^'dimethylglycine - Compound Summary'. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^'Dimethylglycine'. About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products. Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center. December 8, 2009.
- ^Pfeffer, Gerald; Majamaa, Kari; Turnbull, Douglass M.; Thorburn, David; Chinnery, Patrick F. (2012-04-18). 'Treatment for mitochondrial disorders'. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD004426. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004426.pub3. ISSN1469-493X. PMID22513923.
- ^Bolman WM, Richmond JA (June 1999). 'A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial of low-dose dimethylglycine in patients with autistic disorder'. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 29 (3): 191–4. doi:10.1023/A:1023023820671. PMID10425581.
- ^Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller PL, Kendall PR, Mehta PJ, Dodd M (March 2001). 'Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive developmental disorder'. Journal of Child Neurology. 16 (3): 169–73. doi:10.1177/088307380101600303. PMID11305684.
- ^Lin, Jen-Cheng; Chan, Ming-Huan; Lee, Mei-Yi; Chen, Yi-Chyan; Chen, Hwei-Hsien (2016). 'N,N-dimethylglycine differentially modulates psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in mice'. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 71: 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.002. ISSN0278-5846. PMID27296677.
- ^Clarke, H. T.; Gillespie, H. B.; Weisshaus, S. Z. (1933). 'The Action of Formaldehyde on Amines and Amino Acids'. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 55 (11): 4571. doi:10.1021/ja01338a041.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimethylglycine&oldid=931838436'
DMG: An All-Natural Wellness Builderby Roger V. Kendall, Ph.D.
Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a relatively small molecule with an amazing power to change and improve health, well-being, and vitality in a person's life.
A natural substance found in certain foods like meat (liver), beans, seeds, and grains, DMG is an intermediary metabolite—meaning it is rapidly broken down into other useful substances your body requires. DMG, which affects many metabolic pathways within the cell, is also produced in small amounts by humans and animals. Officially named N, N-Dimethylglycine, DMG is related to the amino acid, glycine, whose two hydrogen atoms have been replaced with methyl (CH3) groups on its nitrogen atom. Research shows it to be physiologically active and important to cell metabolism, as well as a supplier of essential methyl groups for modifying, building, and detoxifying many components in the body.
Over 25 years of research and clinical studies have demonstrated DMG, as a nutritional supplement, has many positive effects, including stress reduction, improved athletic and sexual performance, and enhanced cardiovascular, brain, and immune functions. An adaptogen, DMG works with other co-factors in the body to counteract the negative effects of physical, emotional, and metabolic stress and to help prevent and overcome degenerative diseases. It can also normalize physiological functions and help maintain homeostasis (balance) within the body. These physiological functions include the regulation of blood glucose levels, immune response, blood pressure, hypoxic or low-oxygen conditions, hormone and cholesterol levels, as well as those of important biologically active molecules like SAMe, glutathione, and creatine.
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Studies also show DMG:- Provides useful building blocks for the biosynthesis of vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies, nucleic acids, and other metabolically active molecules
- Supports all aspects of immune response by acting as an anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal agent
- Promotes cardiovascular functions by supporting normal triglyceride and cholesterol levels, reducing angina, improving circulation, and decreasing elevated homocysteine levels
- Improves oxygenation, thus reducing fatigue and increasing energy for improved physical and mental performance
- Supports neurological function and mental clarity by acting as a precursor to the amino acids that are building blocks for neurotransmitters
- Acts as an antioxidant against free radicals
- Supports detoxification and enhances liver function, particularly Phase II detoxification (the phase that excretes converted toxic metabolites)
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methylation, a biochemical process essential to life and necessary for good health. Through trans-methylation (the transfer of a methyl group from one molecule to another), DMG supplies methyl groups for many of the modifying, building, detoxifying, recycling, activating, and protecting reactions that change the structure and function of many components in the body. As a source of methyl groups, DMG causes certain critical chemical reactions to proceed more efficiently. Specifically, DMG recycles SAMe, the primary methyl donor in the body, which helps lower elevated homocysteine, an identified risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Through the methyl donor SAMe, DMG supports nerve function and neurotransmitter production, improves verbal communication, social behavior, and sleep patterns of autistic children. DMG also functions as a mineral transporter, chelating agent, and cell communicator. DMG helps detoxify toxic substances via its effect on Phase II detoxification by the liver. Methyl groups are attached to toxic metabolites to produce new water-soluble, readilyexcreted compounds.N N-dimethylglycine Dmg Autism Center
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Depending on the specific health problem, the recommended dosage of DMG can range from 125 mg to more than 1000 mg daily. If you are dealing with a serious health problem, always be sure to consult with your health care practitioner.